Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4603 4603 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4666 4666 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4602 4602 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4668 4668 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4668 4668 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4668 4668 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4716 4716 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4716 4716 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4716 4716 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4728 4728 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4617 4617 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4666 4666 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4666 4666 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4668 4668 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4668 4668 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4668 4668 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4618 4618 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4669 4669 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4619 4619 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4675 4675 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4675 4675 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4745 4745 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4612 4612 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4626 4626 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4698 4698 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4682 4682 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4675 4675 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4626 4626 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4675 4675 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4692 4692 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4619 4619 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 227 318 352 363 4738 4738 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4603 4738 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4689 4689 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4689 4689 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4738 4738 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4603 4738 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4738 4738 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4708 4708 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4690 4690 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4692 4692 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4741 4741 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4690 4690 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4690 4690 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4691 4691 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4618 4618 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4667 4667 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4686 4686 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 193 237 344 377 379 4735 4735 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4669 4669 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 4737 4737 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4681 4681 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6885 8003 13491 14711 15805 243103 243373