Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4592 5747 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4655 4640 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4655 4640 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4658 4658 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4654 4653 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4653 4638 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4705 4690 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4701 4686 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4701 4686 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4715 4716 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4592 4592 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4655 4640 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4651 4636 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4657 4657 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4654 4638 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4654 4638 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4604 4589 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4661 4643 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4609 4608 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4664 4647 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4664 4647 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4735 4717 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4601 4601 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4616 4602 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4689 4669 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4654 4654 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4660 4660 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4611 4611 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4660 4660 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4682 4682 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4609 4609 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4724 4704 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4588 4724 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4675 4655 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4680 4659 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4728 4708 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4592 4728 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 367 4724 4704 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4694 4694 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4681 4660 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4683 4682 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4731 4712 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4681 4660 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4680 4660 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4682 4662 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4605 4603 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4658 4656 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4677 4677 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 189 237 344 377 374 4722 4722 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4660 4659 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4729 4729 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4672 4671 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6236 6800 8062 13481 14764 15230 242537 243483