Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4587 5755 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4650 4639 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4650 4639 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4652 4656 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4652 4656 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4652 4641 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4700 4689 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4700 4689 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4700 4689 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4712 4716 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4587 4591 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4650 4639 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4650 4639 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4652 4652 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4652 4641 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4652 4641 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4602 4588 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4653 4638 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4603 4603 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4659 4642 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4659 4642 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4729 4714 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4596 4596 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4610 4600 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4682 4667 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4652 4656 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4659 4663 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4610 4614 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4659 4659 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4676 4676 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4603 4603 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4722 4707 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4587 4726 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4673 4658 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4673 4654 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4722 4703 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4587 4722 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4722 4707 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4692 4696 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4674 4655 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4676 4682 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4725 4706 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4674 4655 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4674 4659 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4675 4660 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4602 4606 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4651 4655 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4670 4670 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 189 237 344 377 374 4719 4719 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4653 4657 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 172 195 190 238 398 431 381 4721 4725 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4666 4669 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6236 6800 8060 13481 14764 15230 242308 243424