Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4584 4584 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4647 4647 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4584 4584 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4650 4651 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4649 4649 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4649 4649 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4697 4697 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4697 4697 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4697 4697 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4711 4710 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4598 4598 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4647 4647 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4647 4647 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4649 4649 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4649 4649 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4649 4649 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4599 4599 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4651 4651 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4600 4600 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4657 4657 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4656 4658 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4728 4728 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4593 4593 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4608 4609 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4681 4681 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4664 4663 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4656 4656 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4607 4607 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4656 4656 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4674 4675 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4600 4600 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4720 4720 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4584 4720 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4672 4671 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4671 4671 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4720 4720 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4584 4720 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4720 4720 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4690 4690 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4673 4672 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4675 4674 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4723 4723 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4673 4673 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4674 4674 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4675 4675 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4599 4599 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4648 4648 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4668 4668 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 237 344 377 379 4717 4717 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4651 4653 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 171 193 239 398 431 384 4719 4721 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4664 4663 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5570 6884 8003 13491 14711 15805 242154 242429