Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4574 5720 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4637 4622 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4637 4622 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4639 4639 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4637 4637 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4637 4622 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4687 4672 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4685 4670 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4685 4670 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4697 4697 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4574 4574 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4637 4622 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4635 4620 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4639 4639 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4637 4622 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4637 4622 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4587 4573 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4640 4625 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4590 4590 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4646 4629 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4646 4629 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4716 4697 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4583 4583 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4597 4583 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4669 4650 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4637 4637 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4644 4644 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4595 4595 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4644 4644 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4663 4663 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4590 4590 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4707 4688 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4572 4707 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4658 4639 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4660 4641 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4709 4690 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4574 4709 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4707 4688 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4677 4677 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4661 4642 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4663 4663 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4711 4693 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4661 4642 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4661 4642 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4662 4643 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4587 4587 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4638 4638 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4657 4657 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 192 238 344 377 374 4704 4704 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4640 4640 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 172 196 194 239 398 431 381 4708 4708 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4652 4652 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6237 6807 8062 13481 14764 15230 241590 242552